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The Marketing Scales Handbooks

Volume 6 Table of Contents*

The scales included in Volume 6 of the Marketing Scales Handbook are listed below. Please note there are several instances of entries with the same title (e.g., #7-#9). As in the previous volumes, these represent distinctly different measures of the same construct. In contrast, usage of the same or very similar measures in different studies have been included in the same review. As with Volume 5, all of the scales have been organized into one section rather than being grouped into different sections.

1. Acceptance of Sales Offer (Owner's)
2. Acculturation
3. Ad Format Beliefs (Annoyance)
4. Ad Format Beliefs (Entertainment)
5. Ad Format Beliefs (Information)
6. Ad Message Involvement (Others-Focused)
7. Ad Message Involvement (Processing Effort)
8. Ad Message Involvement (Processing Effort)
9. Ad Message Involvement (Processing Effort)
10. Ad Message Involvement (Self-Focused)
11. Ad Message Involvement
12. Ad Message Involvement
13. Ad Trust (Affect)
14. Ad Trust (Reliability)
15. Ad Trust (Usefulness)
16. Ad Trust (Willing to Use)
17. Ad's Effects on Recognition and Intentions
18. Advertising Avoidance (General)
19. Advice Suitability
20. Affect Toward Monetary Compensation
21. Affect Toward the Store
22. Affective Response (Positive)
23. Affective Response to Brand
24. Affective Response to the Ad (Anxiety)
25. Affective Response to the Ad (Empathy)
26. Affective Response to the Ad (Fear)
27. Affective Response to the Ad (Guilt)
28. Age (Cognitive)
29. Age (Ideal)
30. Age (Least Desired)
31. Aggressiveness
32. Alienation (Consumer)
33. Anger
34. Anger at Service Provider
35. Animosity (Economic)
36. Anomia
37. Anthropomorphizing
38. Anticipated Regret of Losing a Gamble
39. Anxiety
40. Appeal Type (Charity)
41. Appropriateness of the Job
42. Argument Strength
43. Arousal
44. Arousal (Positive)
45. Arousal-Seeking Tendency
46. Attachment Bond Intensity
47. Attachment to the Brand
48. Attention to Ad (Brand Evaluation)
49. Attention to the Webpage
50. Attention to the Website
51. Attitude Toward Complaining (Personal Norms)
52. Attitude Toward Drinkers (Alcohol)
53. Attitude Toward DTC Advertising
54. Attitude Toward General Business Ethics
55. Attitude Toward Luxury Brands (Social-Adjustive)
56. Attitude Toward Luxury Brands (Value-Expressive Function)
57. Attitude Toward Prices (Allocative Effects)
58. Attitude Toward Product Placement
59. Attitude Toward the Ad (Brand Reinforcement)
60. Attitude Toward the Ad (Comprehension)
61. Attitude Toward the Ad (Comprehension)
62. Attitude Toward the Ad (Confusion)
63. Attitude Toward the Ad (Creativeness)
64. Attitude Toward the Ad (Empathy)
65. Attitude Toward the Ad (Empathy)
66. Attitude Toward the Ad (Entertaining)
67. Attitude Toward the Ad (Familiarity)
68. Attitude Toward the Ad (Informative)
69. Attitude Toward the Ad (Interesting)
70. Attitude Toward the Ad (Intrusiveness)
71. Attitude Toward the Ad (Manipulative)
72. Attitude Toward the Ad (Memorable)
73. Attitude Toward the Ad (Overall)
74. Attitude Toward the Ad (Receptiveness)
75. Attitude Toward the Ad (Relevant News)
76. Attitude Toward the Ad (Transformative)
77. Attitude Toward the Ad (Truthfulness)
78. Attitude Toward the Ad (Uniqueness)
79. Attitude Toward the Ad's Format
80. Attitude Toward the Advertiser
81. Attitude Toward the Brand (Fashionable)
82. Attitude Toward the Brand (Trustworthiness)
83. Attitude Toward the Brand in the Ad
84. Attitude Toward the Brand of Beer (Affective)
85. Attitude Toward the Brand of Beer (Cognitive)
86. Attitude Toward the Business Decision
87. Attitude Toward the Company (General)
88. Attitude Toward the Company (Social Responsibility)
89. Attitude Toward the Mobile Internet (Ubiquity)
90. Attitude Toward the Movie (General)
91. Attitude Toward the Movie (General)
92. Attitude Toward the Object (Arousing)
93. Attitude Toward the Object (Classiness)
94. Attitude Toward the Object (Pleasantness)
95. Attitude Toward the Odor
96. Attitude Toward the Organization
97. Attitude Toward the Organization (Social Responsibility)
98. Attitude Toward the Political Candidate's Message
99. Attitude Toward the Retailer (Assistive Intent)
100. Attitude Toward the Retailer (Benevolence)
101. Attitude Toward the Retailer (Credibility)
102. Attitude Toward the Service Provider (Relative)
103. Attitude Toward the Service Provider (Social Failure)
104. Attitude Toward the Website (Aesthetic Appeal)
105. Attitude Toward the Website (Content)
106. Attitude Toward the Website (Customization)
107. Attitude Toward the Website (General)
108. Attitude Toward the Website (General)
109. Attitude Toward the Website (Information Value)
110. Attitude Toward the Website (Interestingness)
111. Attitude Toward the Website (Navigation Convenience)
112. Attitude Toward the Website (Security)
113. Attitude Toward the Website (Shopping Efficiency)
114. Attitude Toward the Website (Transaction Convenience)
115. Attitude Toward Touching
116. Attractiveness
117. Attribution of Blame
118. Autonomy
119. Behavioral Control
120. Behavioral Control Over Hospital Care
121. Behavioral Control
122. Benefits of a Spa (Functional)
123. Benefits of a Spa (Hedonic)
124. Benefits of a Spa (Symbolic)
125. Benefits of Specialty Food (Functional)
126. Benefits of Specialty Food (Hedonic)
127. Benevolence of the Business' Managers
128. Betrayal
129. Betrayal
130. Blame for Unsuccessful Search (Marketer)
131. Blame for Unsuccessful Search (Others)
132. Blame for Unsuccessful Search (Self)
133. Body State (Feeling of Confinement)
134. Body State (Feeling of Freedom)
135. Brand Community Interest
136. Brand Consciousness
137. Brand Distinctiveness
138. Brand Engagement in Self-Concept
139. Brand Equity
140. Brand Equity
141. Brand Experience (Affective)
142. Brand Experience (Behavioral)
143. Brand Experience (Intellectual)
144. Brand Experience (Sensory)
145. Brand Image Clarity
146. Brand Personality (Female)
147. Brand Personality (Male)
148. Brand Personality (Ruggedness)
149. Brand Personality (Sophistication)
150. Brand Relationship (Commitment)
151. Brand Relationship (Dependence)
152. Brand Relationship (Intimacy)
153. Brand Relationship (Passion)
154. Brand Relationship (Reliable)
155. Brand Usage Frequency
156. Budget Constraints
157. Budget Constraints
158. Cause Participation Intention
159. Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Egoistic)
160. Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Stakeholder Driven)
161. Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Strategic)
162. Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Values Driven)
163. Certainty
164. Certainty of Product Performance
165. Choice Confidence
166. Choice Confusion
167. Choice Difficulty
168. Choice Effort
169. Choice Freedom
170. Choice Heuristic
171. Choice Variety
172. Claim Verification Effort (Price-related)
173. Cognitive Resource Demands
174. Cognitive Resource Demands
175. Comfort of the Tool
176. Commitment (Affective)
177. Commitment to a Bank
178. Commitment to Relationship
179. Commitment to Relationship
180. Commitment to Store
181. Commitment to the Relationship
182. Commitment to the Relationship (The Couple in the Ad)
183. Commitment to the Relationship (Two Individuals)
184. Commitment to the Service Provider (Affective)
185. Commonality of Employee Response
186. Communication Openness (Service Provider-Customer)
187. Community Support for Cause
188. Company Reputation (Customer Orientation)
189. Company Reputation (Financial Strength)
190. Company Reputation (Good Employer)
191. Company Reputation (Product Quality)
192. Company Reputation (Social & Environmental Responsibility)
193. Company-Related Beliefs
194. Comparison Intensity
195. Comparison Shopping (Check Prices)
196. Comparison Valence of the Ad
197. Compassionate
198. Compatibility of the Product
199. Competence
200. Competence of the Business' Managers
201. Complaint Likelihood (Direct)
202. Complaint Responsiveness
203. Complementarity of Product Forms
204. Complexity of the Innovation
205. Complexity of the Product
206. Complexity of the Service
207. Composite Product Concept Formation Difficulty
208. Concern for Face
209. Congruence (Ideal Self with Brand)
210. Congruence (Self with Brand)
211. Congruence (Self with Brand)
212. Congruence (Self with Brand)
213. Congruence (Self with Others Who Use the Brand)
214. Connectedness with Television Program
215. Consumption Affect
216. Contentment (Financial)
217. Controllability
218. Controllability of the Company
219. Convenience Benefits
220. Cooperation (Client with Service Provider)
221. Corporate Social Responsibility (General)
222. Corporate Social Responsibility (Generosity)
223. Cosmopolitanism
224. Creative Task Autonomy
225. Creative Task Competence
226. Creative Task Enjoyment
227. Credit Card Beliefs
228. Credit Card Issuer Beliefs
229. Credit Card Usage
230. Cultural Orientation (Vertical Collectivism)
231. Cultural Orientation (Vertical Individualism)
232. Curiosity about the Website
233. Customer Rage (Constructive Expressions)
234. Customer Rage (Displaced Expressions)
235. Customer Rage (Exit Behaviors)
236. Customer Rage (Non-Verbal Expressions)
237. Customer Rage (Physical Expressions)
238. Customer Rage (Rancorous)
239. Customer Rage (Retaliatory)
240. Customer Rage (Revenge Behaviors)
241. Customer Rage (Verbal Expressions)
242. Customer-Firm Affection (Commitment)
243. Customer-Firm Affection (Intimacy)
244. Customer-Firm Affection (Passion)
245. Customized Product Superiority
246. Decision Importance
247. Decision Style (Head Vs. Heart)
248. Decision-Making Style (Purchases)
249. Demotion (Customer Status)
250. Depression
251. Desirable Responding
252. Desire to Learn More
253. Disclosure Willingness
254. Discomfort (Psychological)
255. Disconfirmation (Movie)
256. Disconfirmation (Music)
257. Disconfirmation Sensitivity
258. Disgust
259. Dissatisfaction
260. Dissatisfaction with Mobile Advertisers
261. Distrust
262. Donor Motivation (Self-Expression)
263. DTC Advertising Effects on Past Behavior
264. Dysfunctional Customer Behavior (Other Shoppers)
265. Dysfunctional Customer Behavior (Self)
266. Ease of Use
267. Ease of Use
268. Efficacy of Another Person
269. Egalitarianism
270. Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Generation-Evaluation)
271. Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Negative Focus)
272. Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Positive Focus)
273. Emotional Reaction (Negative)
274. Empathy
275. Employment Intention
276. Empowerment in Marriage
277. Endorsement by Nonprofit Organization
278. Endorser Similarity
279. Endorser-Brand Fit
280. Enjoyment (Expected)
281. Ethicality of File Sharing
282. Ethnic Identification
283. Ethnocentrism (Ethnic)
284. Evaluation Similarity
285. Excitement
286. Expertise (Personal)
287. External Search Effort
288. External Search Effort
289. Fairness
290. Fairness
291. Fairness in Spousal Decision-Making (Distributive)
292. Fairness in Spousal Decision-Making (Procedural)
293. Familiarity (General)
294. Familiarity of the Music
295. Family Representativeness
296. Fatalism
297. Fear of One's Death
298. Financial Planner Beliefs
299. Financial Status
300. Fit (Brand-Brand)
301. Fit (Brand-Endorser)
302. Fit (General)
303. Fraudulent Returning Tendency
304. Freedom from Coercion
305. Friendliness
306. Frugality
307. Frustration
308. Fun
309. Gadget Loving
310. Gambling Irresponsibly
311. Game-Product Congruity
312. Gender Identity (Agentic)
313. Gender Identity (Communal)
314. Gender Identity (Femininity)
315. Gender Identity (Masculinity)
316. Global Mindedness
317. Global Self-Identity
318. Global Self-Identity
319. Global-Local Self-Identity
320. Gratitude
321. Harmony
322. Health Benefits of Sunscreen
323. Hotel Chain Beliefs
324. Hotel Positioning Similarity
325. Hyperopia
326. Hypocrisy (Corporate)
327. Identification with the Company
328. Identification with the Company
329. Implicit Theory (General World-Order)
330. Importance of the Product
331. Impulse Buying
332. Impulse Buying
333. Impulsive Eating
334. Impulsivity
335. Indebtedness to Service Provider
336. Indecisiveness
337. Individualism-Collectivism
338. Individuality of the Employee
339. Inequitable Treatment by the Business
340. Information Source Importance (Internet Sources)
341. Information Source Importance (Interpersonal Sources)
342. Information Source Importance (Mass Media Sources)
343. Information Source Importance (Professional Health Sources)
344. Informativeness of the Job Ad
345. Innovativeness (Technological)
346. In-Shopping Preference
347. Insurance Product Beliefs
348. Intention to Recommend
349. Interaction Likelihood
350. Interdependence (Collective)
351. Interdependence (Relative)
352. Interest in the Advertised Brand
353. Interest in the Store
354. Internet Usage (Avoiding Social Interaction)
355. Internet Usage (Buying Unobserved)
356. Internet Usage (Immediate Gratification)
357. Internet Usage (Product Variety)
358. Internet Usage Riskiness
359. Intoxication
360. Involvement in Electrical Provision
361. Involvement in the Activity
362. Involvement in the Message (Motivation)
363. Involvement in the Purchase Decision
364. Involvement in the Task (Processing Effort)
365. Involvement of Group in Conversation
366. Involvement with Store's Products
367. Involvement with Technology
368. Involvement with Television Character
369. Involvement with the Product Category
370. Involvement with the Reading Task
371. Irritation
372. Job Application Likelihood
373. Justice (Interactional)
374. Knowledge of the Product Class
375. Language Proficiency
376. Lead User (Child)
377. Local Self-Identity
378. Locus of Control (Customer-Company)
379. Long-Term Orientation (Planning)
380. Long-Term Orientation (Tradition)
381. Low Price Guarantee Focus (Information)
382. Low Price Guarantee Focus (Protection)
383. Loyalty (Altruistic)
384. Loyalty (Willingness to Pay More)
385. Loyalty Proneness (Brand)
386. Loyalty Proneness (Store)
387. Loyalty to Employee
388. Loyalty to Employee vs. Company
389. Loyalty to the Service Provider
390. Lying Intention
391. Lying Motivation (Private)
392. Lying Motivation (Public)
393. Market Mavenism
394. Mastery of the Situation
395. Materialism (Adolescent)
396. Mobile Transactions (Service Compatibility)
397. Mobile Transactions (Time Convenience)
398. Mobile Transactions (User Control)
399. Mood (General)
400. Mood (General)
401. Mood Clarity
402. Mood Monitoring
403. Mood Repair
404. Moral Identity (Internalization)
405. Moral Identity (Symbolization)
406. Morality
407. Morality Comparison (Activities)
408. Morality Comparison (Organizations)
409. National Identity
410. National Identity
411. Naturalness
412. Need for Cognitive Closure
413. Need For Emotion
414. Need for Evaluation
415. Need for Touch (Autotelic)
416. Need for Touch (Instrumental)
417. Need to Differentiate
418. Need to Integrate
419. Novelty of the Activity
420. Nutrition Involvement
421. Obsessive-Compulsive Buying
422. Opinion Leadership (Child)
423. Opinion Leadership (Price)
424. Opinion Leadership (Product Category Specific)
425. Optimistic
426. Optimistic
427. Oral Care Beliefs (Psycho-social)
428. Outcome Responsibility
429. Ownership (Perceived)
430. P3 Community Commitment
431. P3 Community Informational Value
432. P3 Community Participation
433. P3 Community Social Value
434. P3 Community Trust
435. Parental Mediation of Internet Usage (Active)
436. Patronage Reduction
437. Persuasiveness of the Ad
438. Physical Fitness Motivation
439. Positioning Clarity
440. Post-Socializing Affect
441. Power Distance
442. Power of the Tool
443. Preference Certainty
444. Preference Clarity
445. Preference Cognizance
446. Prepurchase Planning (Grocery Shopping)
447. Price Change Motive (Customer's Inference)
448. Price Guarantee (Inferred Retailer's Motive)
449. Price Perception (Store Comparison)
450. Privacy Concerns (Collection of Information)
451. Privacy Concerns (Collection of Information)
452. Privacy Concerns (Control of Information)
453. Privacy Concerns (Disclosure of Information Usage)
454. Privacy of Information (Company's Policy)
455. Privacy of Information (Fabricating Personal Information)
456. Privacy of Information (Government Regulation)
457. Privacy of Information (Software Usage)
458. Privacy of Information (Withholding Personal Information)
459. Procrastination
460. Product Effectiveness
461. Product Evaluation (Food)
462. Product Failure Attribution
463. Product Failure Severity
464. Product Intelligence (Ability to Cooperate)
465. Product Intelligence (Ability to Learn)
466. Product Intelligence (Autonomy)
467. Product Intelligence (Human-like Interaction)
468. Product Intelligence (Personality)
469. Product Intelligence (Reactivity)
470. Product Preference (Global-Local Version)
471. Product Usage Outcomes (Negative)
472. Product Usage Outcomes (Positive)
473. Product-Story Connection
474. Purchase Concealment
475. Purchase Constraints (Grocery Products)
476. Purchase Experience With Company
477. Purchase Happiness
478. Purchase Intention Towards the Service Provider
479. Purchase Motivation (Expensive Products)
480. Purchase Motivation (Low Prices)
481. Purchase Urgency
482. Purchasing Pleasure
483. Quality (Car Brand)
484. Quality Consciousness
485. Quality of the Dealer (Intrinsic)
486. Quality of the Product (Absolute)
487. Quality of the Product (Relative)
488. Quality of the Product (Relative)
489. Quality of the Restaurant
490. Quantity
491. Racism (Consumption-Related)
492. Rapport with Employee
493. Rapport with Employee
494. Reactance
495. Receptivity of Others in a Group
496. Refund Claim Likelihood
497. Regret (Anticipated)
498. Regret (Decision)
499. Regret about Switching Service Providers
500. Relatedness
501. Relational Benefits (Social)
502. Relationship Insecurity
503. Relationship Investment (Marketer's Effort)
504. Relationship Investment (Personal Costs)
505. Relationship Investment (Preferential Treatment)
506. Relationship Strength
507. Relationship Type (Communal)
508. Relationship Type (Exchange)
509. Relative Advantage of the Product
510. Reliability
511. Reparation Demand (Direct)
512. Reparation Demand (Third-Party)
513. Repatronage Intention (Airline Service)
514. Repatronage Intention (Positive Attitude)
515. Repurchase Intention
516. Repurchase Intention
517. Restaurant Menu Diversity
518. Retail Patronage (Importance of Convenience)
519. Retail Patronage (Importance of Quality)
520. Retail Patronage (Importance of Special Services)
521. Retail Patronage (Merchandise Variety)
522. Retaliatory Behavior (Avoidance)
523. Retaliatory Behavior (Complaining for Publicity)
524. Retaliatory Behavior (Revenge)
525. Retaliatory Behavior (Vindictive Complaining)
526. Return Policy Knowledge
527. Returning Products Experience
528. Returning Products (Effect on Stores)
529. Returning Products (Social Norms)
530. Reward Responsiveness
531. Risk (Financial)
532. Risk (General)
533. Risk (Performance)
534. Risk Averseness
535. Riskiness of Being Patient of Hospital
536. Riskiness of Providing Information Online
537. Ruggedness
538. Satisfaction (Intrinsic)
539. Satisfaction with an Outcome
540. Satisfaction with Company
541. Satisfaction with Company (Anticipated)
542. Satisfaction with Life
543. Satisfaction with Purchase Experience
544. Satisfaction with Relationship
545. Satisfaction with the Decision
546. Search for Unique Products
547. Search Intention (External)
548. Search Regret
549. Search Strategy (Atypical)
550. Search Strategy Adaptation
551. Self-Accountability (Skin Cancer)
552. Self-Actualization
553. Self-Brand Incongruity
554. Self-Confidence (Persuasion Knowledge)
555. Self-Consciousness (Private)
556. Self-Consciousness (Public)
557. Self-Control (Behavior Specific)
558. Self-Control (General)
559. Self-Doubt
560. Self-Efficacy
561. Self-Enhancement (Public)
562. Self-Esteem (Group Membership)
563. Self-Image (Body)
564. Self-Image Congruence with Service Provider
565. Self-Interest Motivation (Organization's)
566. Self-Regulatory Focus (Prevention)
567. Self-Regulatory Focus (Prevention)
568. Self-Regulatory Focus (Promotion)
569. Self-Regulatory Focus (Promotion)
570. Self-Regulatory Focus (Promotion)
571. Self-Service Technology Interactivity
572. Seriousness
573. Service Convenience (Access)
574. Service Convenience (Decision)
575. Service Convenience (Post-Purchase)
576. Service Convenience (Product-Related)
577. Service Convenience (Transaction)
578. Service Quality (Ease)
579. Service Quality (Maintenance)
580. Service Quality (Physical Aspects of Facility)
581. Service Quality Beliefs (Store-Related)
582. Shopping Convenience Motivation
583. Shopping Enjoyment
584. Shopping Identification
585. Shopping Motivation (Affiliation)
586. Shopping Motivation (Anticipated Utility)
587. Shopping Motivation (Negative Feelings)
588. Shopping Motivation (Role Enactment)
589. Shopping Orientation (Apathetic)
590. Shopping Orientation (Economic)
591. Shopping Orientation (Recreational)
592. Shopping Orientation (Spatial Economic)
593. Shopping Orientation (Temporal Economic)
594. Shopping Smart
595. Shopping Value (Hedonic)
596. Shopping Value (Utilitarian)
597. Similarity to Others in a Group
598. Situation-Specific Thinking Style (Experiential)
599. Situation-Specific Thinking Style (Rational)
600. Skepticism of Claim
601. Skepticism Toward Price Information in Ad
602. Sleekness
603. Smoking Intention
604. Smoking-Related Benefits (Appearance)
605. Smoking-Related Benefits (Pharmacological)
606. Social Comparison Tendency
607. Social Exchange Control
608. Socializing Shopping Motivation
609. Socialness of the Object
610. Sophistication
611. Sophistication
612. Special Treatment from the Company
613. Spendthrift-Tightwad
614. Spontaneity of the Activity
615. Spousal Influence Strategy (Coercive)
616. Spousal Influence Strategy (Non-Coercive)
617. Store Atmosphere
618. Store Atmosphere
619. Store Design (Exterior)
620. Store Design (Interior Layout)
621. Stress
622. Stress (Chronic)
623. Sympathy
624. Task Difficulty
625. Task Performance (Self-Evaluation)
626. Taste Evaluation
627. Technology Usage Discomfort
628. Technology Usage Motivation (Intrinsic)
629. Telepresence (Website)
630. Television Character-Product Association
631. Temporal Orientation
632. Thought Focus (Family)
633. Thought Focus (Others)
634. Thought Focus (Self)
635. Tie Strength
636. Tie Strength
637. Time Consciousness
638. Time Management
639. Transcendent Customer Experience
640. Transportation
641. Trendiness
642. Trust (General)
643. Trust (Interpersonal)
644. Trust in Brand
645. Trust in Company's Benevolence
646. Trust in Company's Integrity
647. Trust in Company's Website Transaction Skills
648. Trust in Regulation
649. Trust in the Company
650. Trusting Disposition
651. Typicality of Event
652. Uncertainty about the Brand
653. Uncertainty Avoidance
654. Uncertainty of Others' Product Attitudes
655. Uncertainty of the Decision
656. Usage Clarity
657. Usefulness (General)
658. Usefulness (General)
659. Value from Product Possession
660. Value from Product Usage
661. Value of the Transaction
662. Value of Win-Back Offer
663. Venturesome Consumption
664. Visual Processing Fluency
665. Vividness
666. Volunteer Intention
667. Warning Prominence in Print Ads
668. Website Controllability
669. Website Development (Investment Level)
670. Website Interactivity (Communication)
671. Website Interactivity (Control)
672. Website Interactivity (Nonverbal)
673. Website Interactivity (Reciprocity)
674. Website Interactivity (Responsiveness)
675. Website Interactivity (Responsiveness)
676. Website Interactivity (Speed of Response)
677. Weight (Subjective)
678. Word-of-Mouth (Negative)
679. Word-of-Mouth (Negative)
680. Word-of-Mouth (Social Benefits)
681. Word-of-Mouth Intensity
682. Worry

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